SOCIALOGY 247 - Chapter 2

Sex Chromosomes - Genes that defines sex.
Male - XY
Female - XX

Females contribute the X chromosome. Male determines the sex of the child. Six weeks into sex, sexual differences begin to emerge.

Androgens - Chemicals that makes up the features of a sex.
Two Important ones include:
MIS - Miillerian Inhabiting Substance and Testosterone
MIS - Production of Female duct and Testosterone makes male parts.

DHT - Dihydrotestosterone - Chemical that further make production of genital parts. Also contributes to the masculinity of the male brain.

Chromosome Abnormalities and Gender
Chromosome errors can occur which can result in an abnormal complement of sex chromosomes. In sperm production, meiosis takes place to split cells. If failed to divide properly, its called nondisfuncion. Can result in XXY | XXX, XYY and XO.

Abnormality XO have Turner Syndrome because they do not have a Y chromosome. Do not develope as males. They are no sex but closer to females. Turner Syndrom have female personalities.

Abnormality XXX women tend to be taller and have learning disabilities.

Abnormality XXY a.k.a Klinefelter Syndrome - look more like males; they have small penis and testes; do not produce spearm, have small tits, no facial hair and no deep voice. Timid and socially isolated.

Abnormality XYY syndrome - violent behavior. Secreation of testosterone; linked aggression. High crime rates. Taller. Low intellectual functioning.

Adrenogenital Syndrome AGS aka Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia CAH. Caused by mothers malfunction adrenal glands. Both sex has but females more affected. Enlarged clitoris might resemble a small penis. Vagina might be closed. Tomboys.

XY Fetus may have Androgen-intensive syndrome. "XY Females" Look like females, have female parts, raised as females but no female internal organs. More femenine than normal girls.

DHT Deficiency Syndrome - Vagina with enlarged clitoris. Have testes, at puberty, body changes more masculine.

Sex Differences and Organization of the Brain
Organization of the brain is responsible for the sexual orientation. Mens brains are larger but loose tissue faster as they get older.
Brain Lateralization - Brain hemispheres. Females use whole brain. Males use specific parts.

Turner Syndrom - Only has one sex chromosome. XO